Entering Special Characters

EndNote references can include special characters, including characters with diacritics, and Greek, mathematical, and typographical symbols. Diacritical characters are a part of standard Windows fonts, which use the ANSI (also called Latin 1) character set. Most symbols can be entered in the Symbol font.

Entering Characters with Diacritical Marks

Characters with diacritical marks can be entered in EndNote using any of the text-entry methods supported by Windows. Each of these options is described in this section:

* Type the character on the keyboard (if the character is part of the language supported by the keyboard).
* Type the ANSI or ASCII code for the character on the numeric keypad of your keyboard while pressing the ALT key. (Tables of the ANSI and ASCII codes follow.)
* Copy the characters from other Windows programs, and paste them into an EndNote reference. Character Map is a small program supplied with Windows for this purpose.

NOTE: Diacritical characters can also be entered into EndNote term lists. If you frequently use certain diacritical characters, or words that
include diacritical characters, you can store them in a term list and choose them from that list when entering references.

Entering Character Codes

ANSI codes are the character codes normally used by Windows programs. ASCII codes are the character codes used by DOS. The first 128 codes are identical for both ANSI and ASCII. These are the upper and lower case letters, all numbers, and the symbols available on the keyboard. The remaining 128 codes in each set are different. The Windows keyboard interface allows you to enter either ANSI or ASCII codes by typing the code on the numeric keypad while pressing the ALT key. If the number is preceded by a 0 (zero), the code is interpreted as an ANSI code. Otherwise, Windows will interpret the code as ASCII.

The following table lists characters generated by the upper 128 ANSI codes:


NOTE: If these codes do not appear as they should when you type them, check your General Display Font settings by choosing Preferences from the Edit menu and clicking the Display Fonts option. Some fonts cannot display these characters.

This table lists the characters generated by the upper 128 ASCII codes for U.S. keyboards. Note that some diacritical characters cannot be generated using ASCII codes:



Using the Character Map

The Character Map program (CHARMAP.EXE) is supplied with all versions of Windows. Both diacritical characters and symbols can be entered using the Character Map:

To use the Character Map:

1. Start the Character Map program by choosing Accessories from the Windows Start >Programs menu, then choosing System Tools and Character Map.

2. Select the Symbol font, if necessary. (All other fonts will revert to the Typing Display Font when pasted in EndNote.)

3. Double-click the character(s) you need.

4. Click the Copy button to copy the characters to the Clipboard.

5. Return to EndNote, position the cursor in a reference, then select Paste from the Edit menu to paste the characters.



NOTE: The Character Map includes Unicode fonts which contain some characters that will not work in EndNote. If you insert a character other than a standard keyboard character with a keystroke equivalent, EndNote will display it as a question mark (?).